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From its appearance, the instrument has affected the sensitivity of the composers by its melodic wealth, its harmonic possibilities and their variety of colors. Its use as much as solista is remarkable as to duplicate and to accompany almost all the instruments, of such form that gives life and animates the expression of any class of musical group. The first registries of compositions for the instrument go back to 1720, when Joseph Faber, teacher of chapel in Amberes (Belgium) uses it in a mass. Also it appears in compositions of Moltez (century XVIII), K. Stamitz and F. Gosec . Its appearance in the orchestra does not have a certain point. Several authors agree in which Vivaldi was first in using it in his 3 Concerti Grossi for two clarinets and two Oboe; others affirm that it went including thanks to the compositions of Cannabich, Stamitz and Holbauer. Haendel also wrote a overtura for two clarinets and corno da caccia, in the decade of 1740. From half of century XVIII he has been inseparable of the orchestrals compositions, standing out the importance given by Mozart, Weber and his ratification in the first symphony of Beethoven . But without a doubt the first masterpiece is the concert for clarinet K. 622 of W. A. Mozart. Berlioz called " voice to him of the heroic love " and it used it with such character in the Fall of Troy. Wagner and Rimsky - Korsakov uses in their compositions all the types of clarinet. In the opera it is including for the first time in Zoroastre (1749) of J. Ph. Rameau (1638 - 1764) that also takes advantage of it in its pastoral Acanthe ET Céphice, released by the orchestra "Concert Spirituel" of Paris, with 39 musicians in 1751. C. W. Gluck (1714 - 1787) uses it for its opera Orfeo (1762) and in Alceste (1767), mentioned in this last one like " chalumeau ". Its character of solist took control for the first time of Johann Stamitz ( 1717 - 1757) in its concert for clarinet and strings evident, in addition to a symphony for wind instruments, with clarinets in 1755. In the chamber music it obtains his development from second half of century XVIII. Haendel used it in a trio, where the tube executes the part of the low one. Gorgeous they are the quintets of Mozart and Weber for clarinet and strings; and in century XIX one stands out the trio of D'indy for piano, clarinet and cello and the quintet of Brahms for clarinet and strings. The civilian or military bands have known to take advantage of their acute loudness that is listened to very well outdoors. In France as of 1755 the Oboe are replaced by clarinets. One stands out in this type of group, vals of Chopin for 24 clarinets. In the pop music very it is used and diverse seen effects in the scholar are operated to him little. For example, in the Jazz estridentes and disordered sounds are often used that personifies a paper of very particular characteristics. In Colombia it is used in several musical sorts like cumbia, porro and mapalé of the Atlantic coast; chirimías in the pacific coast interprets rates like contradanza and juga; in the Andean region, today it is written for this instrument in air like the pasillo, dance and bambuco. |
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